The study focuses on the performance (productivity) of the European research and innovation system in the context of the shift to Open Science (OS) policies. In particular, the future Horizon Europe Framework Programme will adopt OS as a modus operandi with the expectation “that open science will be more efficient (because of resource sharing and avoiding duplication of research), more reliable (because of better and earlier verification) and more responsive to societal challenges (as open science will be more trusted and inclusive in terms of knowledge actors, including citizens)”.
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